Abstract：

In vivo haploid induction (HI) has attracted interest in crop breeding and genetic research. HI facilitates creation of pure lines for hybrid seed production, development of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping populations, fixing hybrid vigour through synthetic apomixis, and direct gene editing in commercial varieties via HI editing (HI-Edit), also known as haploid-inducer mediated genome editing (IMGE) (Qu et al. 2024; Li et al. 2025; Ravi et al. 2014). Haploids can be generated in diverse plants through loss-of-function mutations or overexpression of paternal and maternal HI genes (Quiroz et al. 2024; Wang et al. 2025). However, slow progress in developing seed-based in vivo HI systems for legumes has impeded the application of doubled haploid technology in this agriculturally vital family.

Key Words:

Medicago truncatula; MtKPL; haploid induction; legume.